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Direct Elections of the Czech President in the Magazine Katolický týdeník
Švehlová, Kateřina ; Koudelková, Petra (advisor) ; Zavadilová, Tereza (referee)
The presented bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the Czech Catholic media. The printed periodical Katolický týdeník occupies a completely privileged position among them. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to map how Katolický týdeník approached the topic of two direct presidential elections in the Czech Republic. These events can be considered not only as socially significant and highly monitored in the media, but their result is also relevant for the position of the Catholic Church in the Czech society due to the competencies and especially the symbolism of the presidency. The theoretical introduction outlines the position of the Catholic media in the period of presidential elections in the Czech Republic based on the reflection of the situation of the Catholic Church in the Czech Republic and its relationship to the media and the state. Other chapters present the most important Czech Catholic media, introduce Katolický týdeník as a key periodical for the analytical part and provide a brief overview of the course of the two direct presidential elections in the Czech Republic. The analytical part answers the main research questions - what was the place of the direct presidential elections in the Czech Republic in 2013 and 2018 in the agenda of Katolický týdeník and how the periodical...
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Direct elections of mayors: Study 5.305
Pecháček, Štěpán
Studie srovnává postavení přímo volených starostů v Maďarsku, v Polsku, na Slovensku a ve Spolkové republice Německo. Konstatuje, že přímá volba starosty představuje model, kde je větší důraz kladen na exekutivu. Přímá volba starostů posiluje jejich politickou autoritu a postavení, jejich mandát je silnější než v případě zvolení zastupitelstvem Dochází zde k silné personifikaci odpovědnosti v osobě starosty. Přesto se postavení starostů v jednotlivých zemích liší. Jde zejména o jejich vztah k volenému zastupitelskému orgánu a o jejich pravomoci v oblasti přenesené působnosti při výkonu veřejné správy.
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Direct Vote of the President in Constitutions of the EU Countries: Study 1.190
Syllová, Jindřiška ; Němec, Jan
Jedním z rizik přímé volby hlavy státu je nebezpečí zvolení excentrických kandidátů nebo outsiderů. K tomu může dojít zejména v zemích, kde existuje potenciál pro příznivou voličskou odezvu na populistický volební program. Riziko populismu zvyšuje i jednokolová volba. Naopak dvoukolová volba je výhodnější pro větší politické strany. Práce se dále zabývá ústavní úpravou systému přímé volby ve státech EU a některých státech Latinské Ameriky. Práce je příspěvkem k diskusi o přímých volbách prezidenta republiky v ČR.
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Direct Presidential Election, Competence of the President: Comparative Study 1.150
Kolář, Petr ; Pecháček, Štěpán ; Syllová, Jindřiška
The position and competence of the head of state plays decisive role in the constitutional system. In the republics, the position of the head of state is closely connected with the presidential electoral system Traditional classification of the forms of government is not sufficient enough, especially because of leaving out several important variables. Most of authors nowadays tend to classify forms of government into following models: parliamentary system, half-presidential, prime minister-presidential, presidential, presidential-parliamentary system. The paper surveys the position of president in France, Ireland, Finland, Poland, Portugal, Austria and Slovakia. The conclusions of this study may be summarized: a) there is no direct implication between direct presidential election and importance of president in the constitutional system of the country, b) it is necessary to distinguish between importance of the presidency in the constitutional system, as it results from the formal constitutional regulation on one side and the manner how the president is functioning in practice, mainly considering the presidential position in the party-political system on the other side. Whereas in the light of the formal constitution we could consider Finland and Portugal as the states with the strongest president, in reality we could unambiguously identify France as country with the strongest president. The weakest president is then, in both lights, in Ireland. c) The fact of outstanding personality of the first president elected in the direct elections may be the very important factor affecting the importance of presidential position. The example of such a personality which engraved the style of the presidential function for following periods was Antonio Salazar in Portugal or Lech Walesa in Poland. d) Another element affecting the presidential position within the constitutional and political system is the extent of his participation in political life. In some countries the president is taken as non-party man and independent arbiter (Ireland), in other countries, president is a leader of main political party regardless if it is a governing or opposition party (France). In Austria the directly elected president may be an active member of the political party while the federal chancellor is its chairman. e) Presidential legal and political responsibility determines the constitutional status. The direct election causes that constitutional authority of the president arises from other source than the Parliament and which creates conditions for political unaccountability of the president. Majority of constitutions of European countries define a certain grade of criminal immunity during presidential electoral term, appended by some form of impeachment. President may be charged by one of parliamentary chambers, the judgement is completed by one of the top judicial instances or by a special judicial body. Besides, in some countries (Poland, Portugal, Austria), there exists limited criminal responsibility of the president. In Austria and Slovakia the constitution contains political responsibility of the president. In Austria the president is accountable to the Federal Assembly, in Slovakia the constitution even enables the possibility to remove the president by the plebiscite.
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EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
VÁCLAVOVÁ, Zuzana
ANNOTATION Thepresentdoctoral thesis explorestheEuropeanParliament as theonlyonedirectlyelectedinstitutionoftheEuropean Union as taughtwithintheeducationalsubject "Education to citizenship". Theintroductorypartsofthedoctoral thesis engage in thehistoricalcontextofintegrationoftheEuropean Union and formationoftheParliamentaryAssembly ECSC. Thefollowingchaptersexaminetheissueofthefirst direct electionintotheEuropeanParliament, itsformation, development and reasonswhytheEuropeans' interest to vote in the said transnational institution is on the decline. To furtherclarifycircumstancesofEuropeanelections in the Czech Republic, oneofthechaptersinvestigates these problems. Theother part ofthedoctoral thesis provides a viewintothe Czech curricularreform, whichsupportstheEuropeandimension in education and thepositionoftheEuropeanParliament in lessonsoftheeducationalsubject "Education to citizenship". Theconcluding part analyses a questionnairesurvey in whichteachersoftheeducationalsubject "Education to citizenship" forsecondaryschools in theSouth Bohemian region participated. Thedoctoral thesis isbased on national and foreignliterature and otherdocumentarysources.
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